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Fundamental principles
Isothermal change of state of gases p0 x V0 = p1 x V1 = p2 x V2 applies when the change, the gas cushion in the accumulator, follows so very slowly when there is time enough for the heat exchange and, as a result of this, the temperature remains constant.
Adiabatic change of state of gases p0 x V0k= p0 x V1k= p2 x V2k occurs when the change of the gas cushions in the accumulator occurs quickly and the temperature remains constant. Under the operating conditions in practice, there are mostly polytrope changes of state being closer to the adiabates than to the isotherms. The oil volume available depends on the rated value of
the hydraulic accumulator and on the pressure ratio during the operation.
According to the technical conditions of the hydraulic system the adequate related value can be chosen by me ans of equations.
Definitionen
p1 minimum operating pressure
p2 maximum operating pressure
V0 effective gas volume nominal volume at the same time
V1 gas volume at p1
V2 gas volume at p2
ΔV oil volume available ΔV = V2 – V1
k adiabatic exponent (k = 1,4 for nitrogen uo to p2 =200 bar, over 200 bar k considerable difference)
Permissible pressure ratios
minimum pressure ratio
The following applies to bladder and diaphragm accumulators: p1 ≥ 1,1 x p0
The following applies to bladder accumulators: p2 ≤ 4 x p0
oil volume:
